Recent events have made the patents value of question

Prior to BUG, Inc. chooses to go universal the organization needs to apply for licenses and trademarks to protect their corporate picture and their item. At the baer least, the organization needs to apply for an American patent and trademark. Under the rules of the Paris Convention of 1870, in excess of 125 countries overall perceive licenses that are enlisted with the World Patent Office in Switzerland (â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† 2007).Recent occasions have made the licenses estimation of inquiry in some Third World nations as there is a worldwide development to permit creating countries an exclusion from world patent laws, yet given the idea of the item and the import guidelines of most modernized nations, the patent insurance is absolutely worth having. Likewise significant is a global trademark for the organization logo (U. S. Trademark Law 2007). Setting up a legitimate case to the trademark can assist the organization with establishing a uni versal personality related with both their name and logo.Neither of these assurances are especially costly and they can forestall the offer of underground market products which encroach on the BUG, Inc. item. They can likewise make it feasible for BUG, Inc. to look for reward in case of patent encroachment. Building up the trademark and patent turns out to be particularly significant when Steve draws in is corporate secret activities and transfers inside innovative work data to BUG, Inc. ’s contender, WIRETAP.The first thing that BUG needs to mull over concerning the Steve’s activities as a worker of WIRETAP is that he ahs carried out a felony under the Economic Espionage Case of 1996 (â€Å"Economic espionage†, 2007). That implies that if the organization can prduce adequate proof, Steve could be dealing with government indictments for his activity. Steve could confront 10 years in jail and up to $500,000 in fines identified with criminal accusations of the bur glary of prized formulas (Halligan 1996). WIRETAP could confront $5 million in fines. (Halligan 1996).Because Walter was not a law implementation official, it could be contended that his keeping Steve in a bolted space for six hours comprises bogus detainment and he could deal with criminal indictments identified with those activities (Best Practice #1, 1999). As indicated by the International Association of Security Professional, the law permits security watchmen to confine individuals associated with a wrongdoing sufficiently long to determine their personality and to contact the police, not to address them for six hours, contingent upon the state they are working in, he could be accused of bogus detainment or kidnapping.(Best Practice #1, 1999). Likewise, in many states, his dangers of physical viciousness, however just dangers, establish a boisterous attack on Steve and he could be accused of ambush also. (Online Dictionary, 2007) Furthermore, in light of the fact that Walter di d this while at work and utilized an organization office to do as such, BUG, Inc. may confront some obligation for his activities too. BUG could contend that Walter was not acting inside the extent of his obligations, however that is gave a false representation of by the way that he took these activities on organization time and on organization property.(Best Practice #1, 1999). This may imply that due to Walter’s activities, BUG could be confronting more noteworthy obligation than Steve is. At the point when BUG goes on the web, it is conceivable that they might have the option to secure the space name recently bought by the clearinghouse enterprise through a claim contending that the clearinghouse bought it with the aim of denying them from the trademark (Uniform Domain, 1999).There are likewise arrangements for managerial hearings if BUG can show that the other substance embraced the area name just trying to deny them of the name by which they are normally known (Uniform D omain, 1999). Be that as it may, it would be basic as their lawyer to clarify that the expense of inciting the claim could be enormous and that they ought to gauge the expense of the claim against the expense of essentially buying the space name from the present proprietors. There are arrangements for the recuperation of charges through the managerial hearing procedure, however they are not ensured to win (Uniform Domain, 1999).BUG ought to likewise know that as the instigators of an online agreement they can figure out what conditions establish acknowledgment of the agreement and that American courts have held that online agreements are just as authoritative as composed agreements (CyberLaw 2007). The organization ought to likewise figure out what their strategy is concerning offer of their item to non-law implementation staff and in the event that they expect to disperse solely to proper law requirement work force, how they will check that the individual requesting the provisions is who they case to be.The partnership ought to likewise consider contracting with an outside firm to gracefully site security to shield their budgetary exchanges from programmers (CyberLaw 2007). At the BUG plant in Shady Town, BUG obligation for the assault on the merchant and representatives is alleviated by the way that there is a network wide wrongdoing binge in progress and by the way that the organization has not supplanted lights that have been broken or worn out. As a welcomed visitor of the organization, the seller has the privilege to anticipate wellbeing as do representatives (Killion, 2007).When sued for misfortunes which happened on their property, Bug’s lawyers can contend that their obligation to give a protected domain to workers and customers was sabotaged by the network wide wrongdoing binge (Killion, 2007) The examination concerning Steve’s activities may bring about common RICO procedures if the organization can demonstrate fundamental mail, wire o r protections misrepresentation (â€Å"Overview† 2007). Without proof of the basic wrongdoing, its absolutely impossible to seek after non military personnel RICO charges (â€Å"Overview† 2007).Because the organization knew about the potential risk presented by the prior model and selected not to address it with an end goal to bring down creation costs, BUG is liabile for the wounds endured by Sally. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007) If the organization had been uninformed of the injury potential from the model or had found it after the model was in mass circulation and had given a review, their risk may have been lower. Notwithstanding, the organization knew about the issue and decided not to fix it with an end goal to make more money.At that point, a decent close to home injury legal advisor could contend that BUG was careless and along these lines ought to be compelled to pay genuine harms to Sally, yet in addition reformatory harms as an honor for torment and languishing. Correctional harms are granted when the court verifies that an organization ought to be rebuffed for their activities; for this situation, for realizing that the item was possibly dangerous and never helping to end the danger.If the case went to preliminary, BUG’s lawyers could contend that the more current models of the gadget were more secure and that the obligation regarding Sally’s injury ought to be shared by her manager for neglecting to give her the more up to date model, however this contention never really decline BUG’s risk. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007). WORKS CITED â€Å"Best Practice #1: Detaining Shoplifiting Suspects† www. iapsc. organization/uploaded_documents/bp1. doc, November 6, 2007. PC Crimes and Intellectual Property Law† < http://www. usdoj. gov/criminal/cybercrime/iplaws. html> November 6, 2007. â€Å"Cyber Law† http://www. sidley. com/cyberlaw/highlights/int_juris.asp, November 6, 2007. â⠂¬Å"Free Dictionary† http://www. thefreedictionary. com/attack, November 6, 2007. Halligan, R. Imprint. â€Å"The Economic Espionage Act of 1996: The Theft of Trade Secrets is Now a Federal Crime† http://my. execpc. com/~mhallign/wrongdoing. html November 6, 2007. â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† < http://www. wipo. int/pct/en/bargain/about. htm> November 6, 2007. Killion, Susan Westrick and Katherine Dempski. â€Å"Legal And Ethical Issues† http://books. google. com/books? id=I20ZNJHFRVcC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=corporate+liability+for+attack+on+premises&source=web&ots=WTIBrE-gj2&sig=iVtr5bLslUY7wZLeBT1zNzagWRQ

USS Missouri (BB-63) in World War II

USS Missouri (BB-63) in World War II Requested on June 20, 1940, USS Missouri (BB-63) was the fourth boat of the Iowa-class of battleships.â USS Missouri (BB-63) - Overview Country: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: New York Navy YardLaid Down: January 6, 1941Launched: January 29, 1944Commissioned: June 11, 1944Fate: Museum Ship at Pearl Harbor, HI Determinations Removal: 45,000 tonsLength: 887 ft., 3 in.Beam: 108 ft. 2 in.Draft: 28 ft. 11 in.Speed: 33 knotsComplement: 2,700 men Combat hardware (1944) Firearms 9 x 16 in. (406 mm) 50 cal. Imprint 7 firearms (3 turrets of 3 weapons each)20 Ãâ€"5 in. (127 mm) 38 cal. Imprint 12 guns80 x 40 mm 56 cal. hostile to airplane guns49 x 20 mm 70 cal. hostile to airplane weapons Plan Construction Planned as quick war vessels equipped for filling in as escorts for the new Essex-class plane carrying warships at that point being structured, the Iowas were longer and quicker than the prior North Carolina and South Dakota-classes. Set down at the New York Navy Yard on January 6, 1941, deal with Missouri continued through the early long stretches of World War II. As the significance of plane carrying warships expanded, the US Navy moved its structure needs to those Essex-class delivers then under development. Thus, Missouri was not propelled until January 29, 1944. Initiated by Margaret Truman, the girl of then-Senator Harry Truman of Missouri, the boat moved to the fitting out docks for fulfillment. Missouris deadly implement focused on nine Mark 7 16 firearms which were mounted in three triple turrets. These were enhanced by 20 5 firearms, 80 40mm Bofors hostile to airplane weapons, and 49 20mm Oerlikon against airplane firearms. Finished by mid-1944, the war vessel was authorized on June 11 with Captain William M. Callaghan in order. It was the last warship appointed by the US Navy. Joining the Fleet Steaming out of New York, Missouri finished its ocean preliminaries and afterward led fight preparing in the Chesapeake Bay. This done, the war vessel withdrew Norfolk on November 11, 1944, and, after a stop in San Francisco to be fitted out as an armada leader, showed up at Pearl Harbor on December 24. Doled out to Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58, Missouri before long left for Ulithi where it was appended to the screening power for the transporter USS Lexington (CV-16). In February 1945, Missouri cruised with TF58 when it started propelling air strikes against the Japanese home islands. Turning south, the war vessel showed up off Iwo Jima where it gave direct fire backing to the arrivals on February 19. Re-doled out to ensure USS Yorktown (CV-10), Missouri and TF58 came back to the waters off Japan toward the beginning of March where the war vessel brought down four Japanese airplane. Soon thereafter, Missouri struck at focuses on Okinawa on the side of Allied procedure on the island. While seaward, the boat was struck by a Japanese kamikaze, in any case, the harm exacted was to a great extent shallow. Moved to Admiral William Bull Halseys Third Fleet, Missouri turned into the naval commanders leader on May 18. Japanese Surrender Moving north, the war vessel again struck focuses on Okinawa before Halseys ships moved their consideration regarding Kyushu, Japan. Persevering through a storm, Third Fleet spent June and July hitting focuses across Japan, with airplane striking the Inland Sea and the surface boats besieging shore targets. With the acquiescence of Japan, Missouri entered Tokyo Bay with other Allied ships on August 29. Chosen to have the acquiescence function, Allied leaders, drove by Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur got the Japanese appointment on board Missouri on September 2, 1945. After war With the acquiescence closed, Halsey moved his banner to South Dakota and Missouri was requested to help in bringing home American servicemen as a major aspect of Operation Magic Carpet. Finishing this crucial, transport traveled the Panama Canal and participated in Navy Day festivities in New York where it was boarded by President Harry S. Truman. Following a short refit in mid 1946, the boat attempted an altruism voyage through the Mediterranean before cruising to Rio de Janeiro in August 1947, to take the Truman family back to the US after the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Hemisphere Peace and Security. Korean War At Trumans individual solicitation, the war vessel was not deactivated alongside the other Iowa-class delivers as a piece of the after war scaling down of the naval force. Following an establishing occurrence in 1950, Missouri was sent to the Far East to help United Nations troops in Korea. Satisfying a shore assault job, the warship additionally helped in screening US transporters in the region. In December 1950, Missouri moved into position to give maritime gunfire support during the departure of Hungnam. Coming back to the US for a refit in mid 1951, it continued its obligations off Korea in October 1952. Following five months in the combat area, Missouri cruised for Norfolk. In the mid year of 1953, the war vessel filled in as the leader for the US Naval Academys sailor preparing journey. Cruising to Lisbon and Cherbourg, the journey was the main time the four Iowa-class war vessels traveled together. Reactivation Modernization Upon its arrival, Missouri was set up for mothballs and was set away at Bremerton, WA in February 1955. During the 1980s, the boat and its sisters got new life as a feature of the Reagan Administrations 600-transport naval force activity. Reviewed from the save armada, Missouri experienced a huge update which saw the establishment of four MK 141 quad cell rocket launchers, eight Armored Box Launchers for Tomahawk journey rockets, and four Phalanx CIWS firearms. Moreover, the boat was fitted with the most recent gadgets and battle control frameworks. The boat was officially recommissioned on May 10, 1986, at San Francisco, CA. Bay War The following year, it made a trip to the Persian Gulf to help in Operation Earnest Will where it accompanied re-hailed Kuwaiti oil big haulers through the Straits of Hormuz. After a few routine assignments, the boat came back to the Middle East in January 1991 and assumed a functioning job in Operation Desert Storm. Showing up in the Persian Gulf on January 3, Missouri joined alliance maritime powers. With the start of Operation Desert Storm on January 17, the war vessel initiated propelling Tomahawk journey rockets at Iraqi targets. After twelve days, Missouri moved inshore and utilized its 16 firearms to shell an Iraqi order and control office close to the Saudi Arabia-Kuwait outskirt. Throughout the following a few days,â the warship, alongside its sister, USS Wisconsin (BB-64) assaulted Iraqi sea shore barriers just as focuses close Khafji. Moving north on February 23, Missouri kept striking targets shorewards as a feature of the alliance land and/or water capable bluff against the Kuwaiti coast.â over the span of the activity, the Iraqis terminated two HY-2 Silkworm rockets at the war vessel, neither of which discovered their objective. As military tasks shorewards moved out of scope of Missouris weapons, the warship initiated watching the northern Persian Gulf. Staying on station through the peace negotiation of February 28, it at long last left the area on March 21.â Following stops in Australia, Missouri showed up at Pearl Harbor the next month and assumed a job in the functions regarding the 50th commemoration of the Japanese assault that December. Last Days With the finish of the Cold War and the finish of the danger presented by the Soviet Union, Missouri was decommissioned at Long Beach, CA on March 31, 1992. Come back to Bremerton, the warship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register three years after the fact. In spite of the fact that bunches in Puget Sound wanted to keep Missouri there as an exhibition hall transport, the US Navy chose to have the war vessel set in Pearl Harbor where it would fill in as an image of the finish of World War II. Towed to Hawaii in 1998, it was secured close to Ford Island and the remaining parts of USS Arizona (BB-39). After a year, Missouri it opened as an exhibition hall transport. Sources Word reference of American Naval Fighting Ships: USS MissouriBattleship Missouri MemorialHistorynet: USS Missouri

Art and Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Craftsmanship and Culture - Assignment Example It tends to be everything without exception. The canvas of a craftsman isn't huge, yet his degree is and it’s critical to look underneath the outside of workmanship as opposed to simply investigating its medium and surface. The ‘Tutankhamuns Golden Death Mask’ is a fabulous bit of craftsmanship and is kept in Cairo Museum of Art. The passing cover is accepted to be of ruler Tutankhamun child of Akhtenaten. Tutankhamun was 19 years of age when he broke his leg and contamination caused his passing. The veil is made of 24 pound unadulterated gold, blue-glass and installed with different valuable stones (Historylists.org, 2014). It secured the head and shoulder territory of the perished. This cover is a copy of the dead sovereign however somewhat imaginatively introduced, yet it makes a definitive representation of the expired ruler. To check its similarity with the late ruler, mummy of Tutankhamun and the veil were coordinated, intense lips, noticeable nose, very much formed eyes and jawline coordinated with the highlights of mummy. The most conspicuous thing about the cover is its energy, which is obvious in the veil. Demise cover was made to respect the dead youthful King/ruler and to make s ure about his situation in eternal life. Historylists.org,. (2014). 10 Most Distinguished Works of Ancient Egyptian Art - History Lists. Recovered 16 September 2014, from

Human Biology Digestive and Urinary System Essay Free Essays

Conceptual The human body needs to keep up legitimate homeostasis to endure. There are a few diverse organ frameworks in the human body. Two of those frameworks are the stomach related framework and the urinary framework. We will compose a custom paper test on Human Biology Digestive and Urinary System Essay or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now The two frameworks expel squander from the body yet in a totally extraordinary manner. They additionally keep up homeostasis inside our circulation system. The two frameworks are basic for endurance. This paper will portray how every one of those frameworks takes a shot at its own and furthermore how they cooperate to keep up homeostasis for the body. How the Urinary and Digestive Systems Work Together to Maintain Homeostasis The stomach related framework attempts to carry supplements into the body with a progression of empty organs cooperating stretching out from the mouth to the butt. These empty organs are the mouth, pharynx, throat, stomach, small digestive system, internal organ, rectum, and butt. These empty organs make up the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is supported by four frill organs, the salivary organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Johnson) There are five fundamental procedures of the stomach related framework. These procedures are motility, discharge, processing, ingestion, and discharge. Motility is the mechanical preparing and development of food taken into the body. Biting breaks food into littler pieces, and two sorts of development blend the substance of the lumen and move it forward. The lumen is within coating of the GI tract. Emission is the liquid, stomach related chemicals, corrosive, solu ble base, bile, and bodily fluid that are discharged into the GI tract at different spots. Assimilation is the place the substance of the lumen are separated precisely and artificially into littler and littler particles, finishing in supplement atoms. Ingestion is the thing that happens when the supplement atoms go over the GI tract and into the blood. Disposal is the entirety of the undigested material is wiped out from the body through the rear-end. (Johnson) These GI tract and the four adornment organs of the stomach related tract cooperate to finish the five procedures so as to carry supplements into the body, and take out waste. The digestive organ ingests supplements and disposes of waste. The small digestive tract retains supplements and water. The water and supplements assimilated from the digestive organs go into the circulatory system . (Johnson) The urinary framework comprises of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The ureters, bladder, and urethra transport and store pee until it is dispensed with from the body. The kidneys produce pee. Pee is the nitrogenous waste expelled from the circulation system. It is fundamental to the body to evacuate this loss so as to look after homeostasis. (Johnson) The kidneys play out the entirety of the fundamental capacities in the urinary framework. They control water levels in the body. At the point when you take in water each day it is dependent upon the kidneys to discharge the abundance water or to monitor however much as could reasonably be expected. The kidneys have an extraordinary ability to alter water discharge as vital. Ordinarily with at least a half liter for each day to one liter for every hour. (Johnson) The kidneys likewise manage the nitrogenous waste and different solutes in our blood. One waste that is harmful to our cells is smelling salts. Alkali is detoxified rapidly by the liver by being joined with carbon dioxide to make urea. Urea is the primary waste item in pee. Sodium and chloride are both managed by the kidneys too. Sodium and chloride are both critical to decide the volume of extracellular liquids, similar to blood. This legitimately influences circulatory strain. (Johnson) Other substances that the kidneys direct are potassium, calcium, hydrogen, and creatinine. It is dependent upon the kidneys to keep up homeostasis with every one of these substances. Creatinine is a waste item that is delivered during digestion. This is one of the squanders that give pee a yellow shading. Johnson) The stomach related framework expels supplements and water from the food that we eat and drink and transports it to our circulatory system. Any strong squanders that can't be processed are then disposed of from the GI tract. Our urinary framework at that point expels any of the undesirable and unneeded substances and squanders from the circulation system and discharges them in pee. This is the way homeostasis is kept up in our body with squander, so that there is no poisonous develop in our body from specific substances. Homeostasis is basic to be kept up inside the body for endurance. Homeostasis is the body’s capacity to keep up moderately stable inner conditions despite the fact that the outside world is ceaselessly evolving. (Marieb) All living things must keep up an interior domain perfect with life, and the scope of compound and states of being good with life is restricted. (Johnson) In request for the stomach related and urinary frameworks to cooperate to keep up homeostasis the two frameworks must be working appropriately. First we devour food and water. At that point our stomach related framework assimilates the supplements and water into our circulatory system. When the supplements and water is in our circulatory system our urinary framework the channels the blood and evacuates any extra waste and keeps up the best possible homeostasis with the supplements we expend. On the off chance that our stomach related framework isn't working appropriately, at that point we can't assimilate the best possible supplements and liquids so as to permit our kidneys to channel our blood and look after homeostasis. On the off chance that our urinary framework isn't working appropriately than the supplements and liquids we devour can cause a development in our circulatory system of poisonous squanders and liquids and lose homeostasis. Whichever way it is impeding to our body for this to occur. Our pulse would be influenced harshly and this would cause issues with our cardiovascular framework as well as our respiratory framework. It is basic to keep the two frameworks beneficial to guarantee that our body’s have the best possible water and supplements to endure and that all waste is discharged from our frameworks. References Johnson, Michael D. Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues-6th version. Pearson Education. 2012. Print. Marieb, Elaine Nicpone. Basics goodness Human Anatomy and Physiology-tenth version. Pearson Education. 2012. Print. Step by step instructions to refer to Human Biology Digestive and Urinary System Essay, Essay models

Monitoring as a Motivation for IPO Underpricing Essay #2 - 275 Words

Monitoring as a Motivation for IPO Underpricing (Essay #2) (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: MONITORING AS A MOTIVATION FOR IPO UNDER PRICINGName:Institution:Date:During an Initial Public Offer (IPO), insiders make several considerations that would enable them meet their goals. One of the considerations made by the insiders is under-pricing of the Issue. Under-pricing generates excess demand, which leads to biased rationing against large investors who usually have an incentive when it comes to monitoring the firm.This is often witnessed in Dual-Class IPOs, where despite the insiders wanting to invite investors, they always wish to retain a say in the decision making process thus insulating themselves from outside control . Dual-Class unlike Single-Class IPOs shield the firm from being an acquisition target since the outsiders voting power is curtailed.Brennan and Franks thus developed the reduced monitoring hypothesis after observing that insiders due to the fear of being monitored or removed by the new shareholders usually under-price the new shares thus ens uring that smaller investors are allocated a larger share of the issue and thus by the principle of one-share, one-vote the few large investors would have less say in the firms decision making.In contrast, Stoughton and Zecher argued that for insiders wishing to maximize the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s value will usually ration IPO shares being allocated to the smaller investors. According to them, the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s revenues more of increase with outside monitoring thus the increased monitoring Hypothesis.The research conducted by Arugaslan, Cook and Kieschnick on the contrary arrives with different conclusions about the role of monitoring i...

Human Resource Practices and the Globalization - 4400 Words

Human Resource Practices and the Globalization (Essay Sample) Content: Human Resource practices and the globalizationInstitutionNameCourseDateINTRODUCTIONHuman Resource Management refers to the strategies and policies that are used in business organizations to address and handle the workforce. It is also termed as the coherent strategic approach the management uses in organizations to achieve their organizational Objectives. This is achieved trough proper management of organization employees. The act of human resource involves recruiting of new personnel to the organization, management of workforce as well as providing them with directions. Mainly, Human resource management is concerned with the nature and regulation of the relationship between the senior and junior staff members.Establishment of Human resource management was in a bid to search for new ways of working and to start the central management that was mainly aimed at promoting organizational change. It also aimed at encouraging workers by providing them compensation and bonuse s for the good job they do, motivating them and offering them advise regarding their careers (Arthur, 2004).Globalization can be termed as a process in which there is an interaction and integration of people and business organizations of different nations in attempt to improve and market themselves internationally being aided by the emergence of information technology. Globalization in Human Resources practices has been considered to open a flow of human and economic resources mostly in the developed economies such as the European Unions. This has lead to competing in global markets since it requires loads of factors for centralization of human resources practices. Globalization has accentuated the need to deal with the human resource efficiently and effectively so as to increase benefits associated with the global market (Rees et al., 2011).Globalization has influenced the business organizations in some ways. Due to globalization, businesses have been able to exploit international markets easily when it comes to marketing. Also, it is coherent that the business organizations should recruit and maintain the talented individuals globally so as to remain competent in its lines of products. Logically, it is clear that the demand for employees exceeds the supply in terms of specialization. So, by going around the globe, the human resource will find the qualified candidates.With the emergence of information technology and the introduction of internet communication, the human resource management has been made easy since one can communicate with the employees regarding the progress and issues that may arise from job assignment outside the country. The department achieve this by setting up a communications for emergencies and setting up emails alerts that the employees send weekly from international assignments (Dowling,. et al. 2008).Moreover, human resource department has been able to devise ways of training their employees so as to improve the performance trough o rganizations globalization. Some training that cannot be offered in home country has forced the organization to send their employees for such training. Consequently, in some circumstances, the employees may be offered this training services credential information through the internet lives streaming or via the website portals found to have essential information regarding the training.However, globalization has led some business organizations to spend extra funds from sending their employees for international assignments. This is because; the employees who are being sent abroad may work there for extended periods of time. This implies that the company should cater for the housing, food, and any other expense to make the employee comfortable. In some circumstances, the employees are married and have children and should be accompanied by them. This means the company should furthermore cater for the entire family (Dowling et al., 2008).Globalization has been found to lead to some practi ces. All this are dependent on the way the human resource management department chooses to play. In some situations, globalization of the human resource functions has been found to converge. This implies that the practices are uniform globally. This will ensure that the roles of each department irrespective of the location globally will be understood by others in the same department. It helps in ensuring consistency On the other hand, globalization has been found to lead to divergence of its practices in that the roles of departments are differentiated to adhere to the local policies. This seeks to ensure that the department applies the policies that they might be very effective to such company and more understood than the global policies posed by convergence (Rees et al., 2011).CONVERGENT HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICESSince the function of the Human Resource Management department is to deal with the management of the employees of an organization, converging its practices is very crucial as the organization may have recruited international personnel. In addition, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s personnel may be working across a border which as well needs guidance from the department (Dowling et al., 2008).Globalization and increase in international trade have found that it is necessary for organizations that are taking parts in the international markets adhere to convergent policies so as to ensure that they become consistent and understood by the practicing nations. Convergence has been found to be essential since with success in various economies of different nations, the ideas of improving the organizational performance also increases as well as the need to effectively manage the employees both locally and at international levels.Moreover, given the regional and international range of stages regarding the economic development, convergence will allow for exploration of the advanced policies and styles of management as well as the less developed nations management style. I n short, convergence allows for exploration of more superficial and effective styles of human resource management Dowling et al., 2008).Most importantly, as the organizations are seeking to be more competitive and volatile than ever before, firms are embarking on expanding their operations and doing business globally. They send their employees for international assignments that they can as well be managed by international companies working in conjunction with the home company. If the policies applied by the international company are not the same as the ones applied by home company, then there will be a challenge. This addresses the importance of convergence of human resource practices.Reasons that have been attributed to the global convergence are the power markets that have attempted to ensure that the firms are more productive. It was found that, firms could become more productive at a lower cost merely by copying the styles of the management styles used by those successful organi zations. Additionally, the transaction cost economics rule that implies that at any point it time, there can exist the best ever solution that can help in employee management.Analysis shows that the tendency of firms to converge towards the similar structures of the organization and the practices of the labor flows towards the achievement of the same needs for an organization. Furthermore, the like-minded international cadres also contribute to the convergence of the human resource practices. This implies that the ways in which the human resource management department thinks about globalizing will play a part in the convergence of this department. Consequently, the tendency of a company to feel an urge in standardizing its human resource practices so as to achieve better cost structure and the similar services and products will lead the company into adapting that.Various debates have been ongoing with the main aims of bringing the human resource practices globally into uniformity. T his has been contributed by the actions that have led to creations of unprecedented wealth and have broadened the availability of capital. The organizations saw that it was a perfect chance to venture into international markets. For instance, the McDonald's fast food culture opted to venture into all continents. In this acts, they were to use the available labor so that they can save some funds associated with moving around with their employees. This implied that the human resource management had to be done centrally. Furthermore, reality being that the employees are from diverse cultural beliefs and needs to be managed forced the divergence of the human resource practices to ensure that they follow the required standards associated with management of employees (Effron et al., 2013).Additionally, the process in which the principles of fast food restaurant chain McDonalds have brought the entire world into fold depicts some of the strategies applied in ensuring that they excel in the se international markets. They ensured that they are efficient in what they do and additionally calculated the likely income and gains to be made in venturing globally. They thus predicted the products that were likely to be loved by the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s irrespective of culture differences. This implies that the restaurant had to standardize its operations in order to reduce and avoid chances of misunderstandings between the new employees and the company management (Daniel, Reitsperger, 2014).Globalization created many opportunities for business organizations. Organizations being driven by talents and the need to reduce the cost of their operations in order to maximize profits found that international interactions were very crucial. Thus for the shortage of talent in the developed countries and the need to fill this gap, there was a need to perform tasks in international standards. This implied that the operations of th... Human Resource Practices and the Globalization - 4400 Words Human Resource Practices and the Globalization (Essay Sample) Content: Human Resource practices and the globalizationInstitutionNameCourseDateINTRODUCTIONHuman Resource Management refers to the strategies and policies that are used in business organizations to address and handle the workforce. It is also termed as the coherent strategic approach the management uses in organizations to achieve their organizational Objectives. This is achieved trough proper management of organization employees. The act of human resource involves recruiting of new personnel to the organization, management of workforce as well as providing them with directions. Mainly, Human resource management is concerned with the nature and regulation of the relationship between the senior and junior staff members.Establishment of Human resource management was in a bid to search for new ways of working and to start the central management that was mainly aimed at promoting organizational change. It also aimed at encouraging workers by providing them compensation and bonuse s for the good job they do, motivating them and offering them advise regarding their careers (Arthur, 2004).Globalization can be termed as a process in which there is an interaction and integration of people and business organizations of different nations in attempt to improve and market themselves internationally being aided by the emergence of information technology. Globalization in Human Resources practices has been considered to open a flow of human and economic resources mostly in the developed economies such as the European Unions. This has lead to competing in global markets since it requires loads of factors for centralization of human resources practices. Globalization has accentuated the need to deal with the human resource efficiently and effectively so as to increase benefits associated with the global market (Rees et al., 2011).Globalization has influenced the business organizations in some ways. Due to globalization, businesses have been able to exploit international markets easily when it comes to marketing. Also, it is coherent that the business organizations should recruit and maintain the talented individuals globally so as to remain competent in its lines of products. Logically, it is clear that the demand for employees exceeds the supply in terms of specialization. So, by going around the globe, the human resource will find the qualified candidates.With the emergence of information technology and the introduction of internet communication, the human resource management has been made easy since one can communicate with the employees regarding the progress and issues that may arise from job assignment outside the country. The department achieve this by setting up a communications for emergencies and setting up emails alerts that the employees send weekly from international assignments (Dowling,. et al. 2008).Moreover, human resource department has been able to devise ways of training their employees so as to improve the performance trough o rganizations globalization. Some training that cannot be offered in home country has forced the organization to send their employees for such training. Consequently, in some circumstances, the employees may be offered this training services credential information through the internet lives streaming or via the website portals found to have essential information regarding the training.However, globalization has led some business organizations to spend extra funds from sending their employees for international assignments. This is because; the employees who are being sent abroad may work there for extended periods of time. This implies that the company should cater for the housing, food, and any other expense to make the employee comfortable. In some circumstances, the employees are married and have children and should be accompanied by them. This means the company should furthermore cater for the entire family (Dowling et al., 2008).Globalization has been found to lead to some practi ces. All this are dependent on the way the human resource management department chooses to play. In some situations, globalization of the human resource functions has been found to converge. This implies that the practices are uniform globally. This will ensure that the roles of each department irrespective of the location globally will be understood by others in the same department. It helps in ensuring consistency On the other hand, globalization has been found to lead to divergence of its practices in that the roles of departments are differentiated to adhere to the local policies. This seeks to ensure that the department applies the policies that they might be very effective to such company and more understood than the global policies posed by convergence (Rees et al., 2011).CONVERGENT HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICESSince the function of the Human Resource Management department is to deal with the management of the employees of an organization, converging its practices is very crucial as the organization may have recruited international personnel. In addition, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s personnel may be working across a border which as well needs guidance from the department (Dowling et al., 2008).Globalization and increase in international trade have found that it is necessary for organizations that are taking parts in the international markets adhere to convergent policies so as to ensure that they become consistent and understood by the practicing nations. Convergence has been found to be essential since with success in various economies of different nations, the ideas of improving the organizational performance also increases as well as the need to effectively manage the employees both locally and at international levels.Moreover, given the regional and international range of stages regarding the economic development, convergence will allow for exploration of the advanced policies and styles of management as well as the less developed nations management style. I n short, convergence allows for exploration of more superficial and effective styles of human resource management Dowling et al., 2008).Most importantly, as the organizations are seeking to be more competitive and volatile than ever before, firms are embarking on expanding their operations and doing business globally. They send their employees for international assignments that they can as well be managed by international companies working in conjunction with the home company. If the policies applied by the international company are not the same as the ones applied by home company, then there will be a challenge. This addresses the importance of convergence of human resource practices.Reasons that have been attributed to the global convergence are the power markets that have attempted to ensure that the firms are more productive. It was found that, firms could become more productive at a lower cost merely by copying the styles of the management styles used by those successful organi zations. Additionally, the transaction cost economics rule that implies that at any point it time, there can exist the best ever solution that can help in employee management.Analysis shows that the tendency of firms to converge towards the similar structures of the organization and the practices of the labor flows towards the achievement of the same needs for an organization. Furthermore, the like-minded international cadres also contribute to the convergence of the human resource practices. This implies that the ways in which the human resource management department thinks about globalizing will play a part in the convergence of this department. Consequently, the tendency of a company to feel an urge in standardizing its human resource practices so as to achieve better cost structure and the similar services and products will lead the company into adapting that.Various debates have been ongoing with the main aims of bringing the human resource practices globally into uniformity. T his has been contributed by the actions that have led to creations of unprecedented wealth and have broadened the availability of capital. The organizations saw that it was a perfect chance to venture into international markets. For instance, the McDonald's fast food culture opted to venture into all continents. In this acts, they were to use the available labor so that they can save some funds associated with moving around with their employees. This implied that the human resource management had to be done centrally. Furthermore, reality being that the employees are from diverse cultural beliefs and needs to be managed forced the divergence of the human resource practices to ensure that they follow the required standards associated with management of employees (Effron et al., 2013).Additionally, the process in which the principles of fast food restaurant chain McDonalds have brought the entire world into fold depicts some of the strategies applied in ensuring that they excel in the se international markets. They ensured that they are efficient in what they do and additionally calculated the likely income and gains to be made in venturing globally. They thus predicted the products that were likely to be loved by the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s irrespective of culture differences. This implies that the restaurant had to standardize its operations in order to reduce and avoid chances of misunderstandings between the new employees and the company management (Daniel, Reitsperger, 2014).Globalization created many opportunities for business organizations. Organizations being driven by talents and the need to reduce the cost of their operations in order to maximize profits found that international interactions were very crucial. Thus for the shortage of talent in the developed countries and the need to fill this gap, there was a need to perform tasks in international standards. This implied that the operations of th...

The Mughal Empires 300-Year Rule of India

The Mughal Empire (also known as Mogul, Timurid, or Hindustan empire) is considered one of the classic periods of Indias long and amazing history. In 1526, Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, a man with Mongol heritage from central Asia, established a foothold in the Indian subcontinent which was to last for more than three centuries. By 1650, the Mughal Empire was one of three leading powers of the Islamic world—the so-called Gunpowder Empires—which also included the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia. At its height, around 1690, the Mughal Empire ruled almost the entire subcontinent of India, controlling four million square kilometers of land and a population of about 160 million. Economics and Organization The Mughal emperors (or Great Mughals) were despotic rulers who relied upon and held sway over a large number of ruling elites. The imperial court included officers, bureaucrats, secretaries, court historians, and accountants, who produced astounding documentation of the empires day-to-day operations. The elites were organized on the basis of the mansabdari system, a military and administrative system developed by Genghis Khan and applied by the Mughal leaders to classify the nobility. The emperor controlled the nobles lives, from who they married to their education in arithmetic, agriculture, medicine, household management, and the rules of government. The economic life of the empire was buoyed by a strong international market trade, including goods produced by farmers and artisans. The emperor and his court were supported by taxation and the ownership of a region known as the Khalisa Sharifa, which varied in size with the emperor. The rulers also established Jagirs, feudal land grants which were commonly administered by local leaders. Rules of Succession Although each classic period Mughal ruler was the son of his predecessor, the succession was by no means one of primogeniture—the eldest did not necessarily win his fathers throne. In the Mughal world, every son had an equal share in his fathers patrimony, and all males within a ruling group had a right to succeed to the throne, creating an open-ended, if contentious, system. Each son was semi-independent of his father and received semipermanent territorial holdings when he was deemed old enough to manage them. There were often fierce battles among the princes when a ruler died. The rule of succession could be summed up by the Persian phrase Takht, ya takhta (either throne or funeral bier). The Founding of the Mughal Empire The young prince Babur, who was descended from Timur on his fathers side and Genghis Khan on his mothers, finished his conquest of northern India in 1526, defeating the Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Shah Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat. Babur was a refugee from the fierce dynastic struggles in Central Asia; his uncles and other warlords had repeatedly denied him rule over the Silk Road cities of Samarkand and Fergana, his birthright. Babur was able to establish a base in Kabul, though, from which he turned south and conquered much of the Indian subcontinent. Babur called his dynasty Timurid, but it is better known as the Mughal Dynasty—a Persian rendering of the word Mongol. Baburs Reign Babur was never able to conquer Rajputana, home of the warlike Rajputs. He ruled over the rest of northern India and the plain of the Ganges River, though. Although he was a Muslim, Babur followed a rather loose interpretation of the Quran in some ways. He drank heavily at his famously lavish feasts, and also enjoyed smoking hashish. Baburs flexible and tolerant religious views would be all the more evident in his grandson, Akbar the Great. In 1530, Babur died at the age of 47. His eldest son Humayan fought off an attempt to seat his aunts husband as emperor  and assumed the throne. Baburs body was returned to Kabul, Afghanistan, nine years after his death, and buried in the Bagh-e Babur. Height of the Mughals Humayan was not a very strong leader. In 1540, the Pashtun ruler Sher Shah Suri defeated the Timurids, deposing Humayan. The second Timurid emperor only regained his throne with aid from Persia in 1555, a year before his death, but at that time he managed even to expand on Baburs empire. When Humayan died after a fall down the stairs, his 13-year-old son Akbar was crowned. Akbar defeated the remnants of the Pashtuns and brought some previously unquelled Hindu regions under Timurid control. He also gained control over Rajput through diplomacy and marriage alliances. Akbar was an enthusiastic patron of literature, poetry, architecture, science, and painting. Although he was a committed Muslim, Akbar encouraged religious tolerance  and sought wisdom from holy men of all faiths. He became known as Akbar the Great. Shah Jahan and the Taj Mahal Akbars son, Jahangir, ruled the Mughal Empire in peace and prosperity from 1605 until 1627. He was succeeded by his own son, Shah Jahan. The 36-year-old Shah Jahan inherited an incredible empire in 1627, but any joy he felt would be short-lived. Just four years later, his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, died during the birth of their 14th child. The emperor went into deep mourning and was not seen in public for a year. As an expression of his love, Shah Jahan commissioned the building of a magnificent tomb for his dear wife. Designed by the Persian architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, and constructed of white marble, the Taj Mahal is considered the crowning achievement of Mughal architecture. The Mughal Empire Weakens Shah Jahans third son, Aurangzeb, seized the throne and had all of his brothers executed after a protracted succession struggle in 1658. At the time, Shah Jahan was still alive, but Aurangzeb had his sickly father confined to the Fort at Agra. Shah Jahan spent his declining years gazing out at the Taj and died in 1666. The ruthless Aurangzeb proved to be the last of the Great Mughals. Throughout his reign, he expanded the empire in all directions. He also enforced a much more orthodox brand of Islam, even banning music in the empire (which made many Hindu rites impossible to perform). A three-year revolt by the Mughals long-time ally, the Pashtun, began in 1672. In the aftermath, the Mughals lost much of their authority in what is now Afghanistan, seriously weakening the empire. The British East India Company Aurangzeb died in 1707, and the Mughal state began a long, slow process of crumbling from within and without. Increasing peasant revolts and sectarian violence threatened the stability of the throne, and various nobles and warlords sought to control the line of weak emperors. All around the borders, powerful new kingdoms sprang up and began to chip away at Mughal land holdings. The British East India Company (BEI) was founded in 1600, while Akbar was still on the throne. Initially, it was only interested in trade  and had to content itself with working around the fringes of the Mughal Empire. As the Mughals weakened, however, the BEI grew increasingly powerful. The Last Days of the Mughal Empire In 1757, the BEI defeated the Nawab of Bengal and French company interests at the Battle of Palashi. After this victory, the BEI took political control of much of the subcontinent, marking the start of the British Raj in India. The later Mughal rulers held on to their throne, but they were simply puppets of the British. In 1857, half of the Indian Army rose up against the BEI in what is known as the Sepoy Rebellion or the Indian Mutiny. The British home government intervened to protect its own financial stake in the company  and put down the rebellion. Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was arrested, tried for treason, and exiled to Burma. It was the end of the Mughal Dynasty. Legacy The Mughal Dynasty left a large and visible mark on India. Among the most striking examples of Mughal heritage are the many beautiful buildings that were constructed in the Mughal style—not just the Taj Mahal, but also the Red Fort in Delhi, the Fort of Agra, Humayans Tomb and a number of other lovely works. The melding of Persian and Indian styles created some of the worlds best-known monuments. This combination of influences can also be seen in the arts, cuisine, gardens, and even in the Urdu language. Through the Mughals, Indo-Persian culture reached an apogee of refinement and beauty. Sources Asher, Catherine B. Sub–Imperial Palaces: Power and Authority in Mughal India. Ars Orientalis 23, 1993.Begley, Wayne E. The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of Its Symbolic Meaning. The Art Bulletin, 1979.Chand, Shyam. Book Review: Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: A Study of the RSS by Shamsul Islam, Tribune India, 2006.Faraqui, Munis D. The Princes of the Mughal Empire, 1504–1719. Cambridge University Press, 2012.Foltz, Richard. Cultural Contacts between Central Asia and Mughal India. Central Asiatic Journal, 1998.Haider, Najaf. Norms of Professional Excellence and Good Conduct in Accountancy Manuals of the Mughal Empire. International Review of Social History, 2011.Mukhia, Harbans. The Mughals of India, New Delhi. Wiley-Blackwell, 2004.Schimmel, Annemarie Burzine K. Waghmar. The Great Empire of the Mughals: History, Art and Culture. Reaktion Books, 2004.